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The blind area is one of the most essential elements in private house construction, providing protection to the foundation from moisture, precipitation, and seasonal temperature fluctuations. Although it may seem simple, proper construction of the blind area requires careful attention to material choice, slope design, and installation technology. This article offers a detailed explanation of what a blind area is, why it is necessary, how to build it correctly, and which materials ensure durability and effectiveness.
What Is a Blind Area and Why Is It Needed
A blind area is a strip of waterproof material laid around the perimeter of a building foundation. Its primary function is to divert rainwater and meltwater away from the base of the house to prevent moisture penetration into the foundation and basement. Water accumulating near the walls can cause structural damage, mold growth, and reduced thermal insulation.
Besides waterproofing, the blind area protects the soil near the foundation from freezing and swelling, especially important in regions with harsh winters. A properly constructed blind area helps evenly distribute loads and reduces the risk of foundation deformation.
Additionally, the blind area enhances the aesthetic appearance of the house surroundings, creating a neat and finished look. It can also serve as a base for walkways and recreational zones, increasing the comfort and functionality of the adjacent territory.
Types of Blind Areas and Their Features
There are several main types of blind areas differing by materials and construction. The classic concrete blind area is the most common option, representing a rigid strip of concrete poured with a slope away from the house. This type is highly durable and strong but requires proper reinforcement and base preparation.
Gravel blind areas are a simpler and more economical solution. They consist of layers of sand and gravel compacted and covered with geotextile or waterproof film. This option is easier to install and provides good water permeability but is less durable and less aesthetic than concrete.
Asphalt blind areas are less common and mostly used in industrial sites or mild climates. Asphalt offers good waterproofing but can crack over time due to temperature changes.
Modern options include decorative tile, paving slabs, or stone laid over a concrete base. These combine protective functions with decorative appeal but require careful installation and regular maintenance.
Main Construction Requirements for a Blind Area
A proper blind area must have certain structural characteristics to function effectively. The primary requirement is the slope, usually between 5 and 15 degrees away from the house. This slope ensures rapid and unobstructed water runoff, preventing water stagnation near the foundation.
The width of the blind area depends on soil type and climate but typically ranges from 0.8 to 1.5 meters. A wider blind area better protects the foundation and provides comfortable walkways around the house.
Thickness varies by material. Concrete blind areas are usually 10–15 cm thick and must be reinforced to prevent cracking. Gravel blind areas are thicker, up to 20–30 cm, including sand and gravel layers.
Deformation joints are essential to compensate for thermal expansion and contraction. Without these joints, cracking and damage to the blind area may occur.
Material Selection and Preparation for the Blind Area
Different materials are used based on budget, climate, and desired appearance. Concrete is the most popular and reliable material, offering durability and strength. Cement grade M400 or higher is recommended, with strict adherence to mix proportions.
Gravel and sand form the base for gravel blind areas. Gravel should be clean, well-graded, and free of clay or dust to ensure good drainage. Sand is used for leveling and compaction.
Geotextile is a modern material placed under the blind area to prevent soil mixing and enhance drainage. It extends the structure’s lifespan and reduces deformation risk.
Decorative materials such as paving slabs, natural stone, or bricks require a flat, strong base and quality waterproofing.
Concrete Blind Area Installation Technology
Installation begins with base preparation. The topsoil is removed to 20–30 cm depth, then a 10 cm layer of sand is laid and compacted. Next, a 10–15 cm layer of gravel is added and compacted with a plate vibrator.
Geotextile is then installed to prevent moisture penetration and layer mixing. Formwork is mounted to shape and contain the concrete.
Plasticizers improve concrete workability. The mixture is poured into the formwork and leveled. Reinforcement with metal mesh or rebar (6–8 mm diameter) prevents cracking.
Concrete curing requires protection from rapid drying by covering with plastic or moistening for 7 days, ensuring proper strength gain and crack prevention.
Features of Gravel Blind Area Installation
Gravel blind areas are simpler and budget-friendly, suitable for light structures and moderate climates. The topsoil is removed and the base leveled.
Geotextile is laid to prevent soil mixing and improve drainage. Layers of sand and gravel are added sequentially, each compacted thoroughly.
A decorative layer of fine gravel or crushed stone can be added for protection and aesthetic appeal. Gravel blind areas allow good water permeability, reducing foundation load.
However, they require regular maintenance such as replenishing and compaction to avoid settling and unevenness.
Installation of Decorative Blind Areas and Their Advantages
Decorative blind areas are increasingly popular for combining protection with aesthetics. Paving slabs, clinker bricks, natural stone, or cobblestones are laid over a concrete base.
Proper waterproofing and a smooth base are crucial. The concrete base must be well reinforced and the surface finished.
These blind areas are highly wear-resistant and durable, with a wide range of materials and colors to match any house style and landscape.
They require minimal repair and are easy to clean, making them convenient for everyday use.
Proper Slope and Drainage Organization
The slope of the blind area is critical for effective water drainage. It must be directed away from the house walls so water flows into drainage or the yard.
A minimum slope of 5 degrees, about 8 cm per meter width, is recommended. Insufficient slope leads to water stagnation and structural damage.
Drainage systems such as pipes or channels collect and divert water safely.
Terrain relief must be considered to avoid water flowing onto neighboring plots or low-permeability soil zones, preventing flooding.
Blind Area Features in Different Climatic Conditions
In cold climates, the blind area must protect the foundation from soil heaving. This involves adding insulation layers like polystyrene foam beneath concrete or gravel.
Insulated blind areas reduce frost depth and deformation risk.
In warm, humid climates, the focus is on moisture protection and rapid water drainage, emphasizing waterproofing and drainage quality.
Regions with heavy precipitation require materials with high water resistance and mechanical durability.
Maintenance and Care of the Blind Area
Regular inspections and maintenance preserve the blind area’s functionality. Removing debris and dirt prevents water drainage obstruction.
Concrete blind areas with cracks or subsidence should be repaired using special compounds or partial replacement.
Gravel blind areas need periodic replenishment and compaction to maintain evenness.
Drainage systems must be checked and cleaned of blockages as needed.
Comparison Table of Main Blind Area Types
| Type of Blind Area | Strength & Durability | Installation Complexity | Material Cost | Maintenance Level | Aesthetics | Application Features |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Concrete | Very High | Medium | Medium | Low | Medium | Universal, all conditions |
| Gravel | Medium | Low | Low | Medium | Low | Light structures, moderate climate |
| Asphalt | Medium | Medium | Medium | Medium | Low | Warm climate, industrial sites |
| Decorative (tile, stone) | High | High | High | Low | Very High | Aesthetic yards, landscape design |
Conclusion
Proper blind area installation around a private house is key to foundation durability, reliability, and indoor comfort. It protects the foundation from moisture, prevents deformation, and enhances the site’s appearance.
Material choice depends on climate, soil, and budget. Concrete is suitable for most cases, gravel for economical solutions, and decorative types for those valuing aesthetics.
Strict adherence to installation technology, correct slope, and drainage ensures effective performance. Regular maintenance and timely repairs extend the blind area’s lifespan and protect the house from environmental damage.